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Background: World Health Organization has identified prostate cancer as the second most common cause of cancer in males worldwide and it is the number one cancer in males in Africa, both in terms of incidence and mortality. In developing countries, most cancer victims are diagnosed at late stage, pointing to the need for education schemes and better prevention practices for prostate cancer.

Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude towards prostate cancer prevention practices among men in Oyo State Secretariat, Agodi, Ibadan.

Method: A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted among 213 men that are ≥ 40 years in the Oyo State Secretariat, Agodi, Ibadan and a self-developed pretested questionnaire was used to elicit relevant information. Statistical package for social sciences version 20.0 (SPSS 20.0) was used for data analysis and Pearson’s chi square statistics for testing hypotheses.

Results: The study showed that the predominant age group was between 40-50 years. Many (61.5%) of the participants had a good knowledge of prostate cancer and 81.7% believed that prostate cancer is a serious disease. The risk factors identified by the participants were Cigarette smoking (32.9%), age (29.6%) and dietary fat intake (24.9%), while occupation and race were poorly recognized as a risk factors for prostate cancer with 3.8% and 1.4% respectively. Majority of the participants had not participated in PSA screening test (79.3%) and rectal examination (82.6%). Majority (73.3%), mostly married (72.2%) had good attitude towards prostate cancer prevention practices.

Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of prostate cancer in this study population is high and their attitude towards prevention of prostate cancer practices is good but limited. This indicates that more intensive educational program and awareness on the preventive practices of prostate cancer will be beneficial.